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Wave Folder

Generates periodic ridges using a choice of waveform shape — square, sawtooth, or triangle. Unlike the smooth sine curves of Surface Waves or Harmonics, Wave Folder produces hard-edged, geometric ridge profiles that are ideal for mechanical and industrial textures.

The name comes from audio synthesis, where wave folding transforms a smooth wave into more complex shapes by "folding" the peaks and valleys.

Parameters

Amplitude
Ridge height in mm (0–20). Controls how far the ridges protrude from the surface.
Frequency
Number of ridges around the circumference (1–50). Higher values create tighter, denser ridge patterns.
Shape
0 = square wave (flat-topped ridges with vertical walls). 1 = sawtooth (ramp up, sharp drop). 2 = triangle (symmetric pointed peaks).
Duty Cycle
Width of the raised portion relative to the period (0.05–0.95). At 0.5, the ridge and groove are equal width. Lower values create thin fins; higher values create narrow grooves.
Phase
Phase offset in radians (0–2\u03C0). Rotates the pattern around the circumference.

How It Works

Wave Folder evaluates a periodic function at each vertex position along the circumference. The Shape parameter selects between three classic waveforms:

  • Square — Flat tops and flat valleys with sharp transitions. The Duty Cycle controls the ratio of "on" to "off" time, like a pulse-width modulator.
  • Sawtooth — A linear ramp from valley to peak followed by an instant drop. Creates a directional, asymmetric ridge pattern.
  • Triangle — A linear ramp up followed by a linear ramp down, producing symmetrical pointed peaks.

The duty cycle parameter only affects square and sawtooth shapes. Triangle waves are always symmetric.

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